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Books to Borrow Open Library. Search the Wayback Machine Search icon An illustration of a magnifying glass. In Gregg Shorthand Manual Simplified the alphabet of Gregg Shorthand is presented rapidly and in an order designed to provide an easy introduction to shorthand for the learner. The Hrst shorthand character the learner encounters is the familiar longhand comma, which is the shorthand character for jf. The rapid introduction of the alphabet and the simplifications of the system make possible the early use of easy, graded business practice material.
Connected matter is used entirely after the first week of instruction. At Lesson 24, penmanship suitable intervals, beginning with drills are provided and, beginning with Lesson 37 and continuing ;. In the lefthand margin of the shorthand pages are provided "reminders" of simple conventions of written English that occur in the accompanying shorthand context. These "reminders," illustrated in context, increase the student's awareness and knowledge of English essentials that are of vital importance in transcription.
The simplifications of Gregg Shorthand and the presentation of the system in this Manual reHect the findings of research investigations and the suggestions of innumerable shorthand teachers. They refiect the illustrious teaching, writing, and pub- lishing career of John Robert Gregg and the many years of close association with him that Louis A.
Leslie and Charles E. Zoubek, co-authors of this Manual, were privileged to enjoy. The product of research, experience, and inspired, capable authorship, this new Manual of Gregg Shorthand is presented to the teaching profession and to the public with confidence and appreciation. In shorthand, words are written as they are pronounced. The shorthand character for a is a large circle. The short- hand character shown below for s and z is approximately the size and shape of a longhand comma.
The shorthand characters for n and tn are straight lines about the same length as an underscore under the corresponding letters in longhand. The shorthand character for o is very small.
The sound of h is represented by a dot written above the following vowel. Vowels may be omitted when they do not contribute to speed or legibility. In Paragraph 2 one tiny curve was given for s and z. Another curve is also used for j and z in order to provide an easy joining in any combination of sounds. It is not necessary at this point to attempt to decide which of the two curves to use in any word; this will become clear as the study of shorthand progresses.
The second form of s and z is given below. The small circle also represents three vowel sounds. The dot and dash may be used to give a positive distinction as shown. The small circle is also used to represent the obscure vowel sound heard in her, church, worse. These abbre- viations are called "brief forms.
The hook that represents o In shorthand also represents the vowel heard in stock and the vowel heard in cause. The three sounds may be distinguished as shown below. Brief Forms. The sound of ses is represented by joining the two forms of s. The letter x is s usually represented by an 5, written with a slight backward slant.
The joinings of the shorthand characters are so easy and natural that it hardly seems necessary to give rules or even explanations. It is interesting, however, to see the groups into which the joinings naturally fall:. Circles are written clockwise on a straight line or between two straight lines in the same direction. Between two curves in opposite directions, the circle is. The hook is written on its side before n, m, r, I unless a downward character comes before the hook.
The clockwise th is useci in most joinings; but when th is. It isseldom necessary in ordinary dictation to make any distinction between s and z or between the two sounds of th. It is possible, however, to make the distinction by placing a small dash against the heavier of the two sounds in each pair.
The exact placement of a shorthand outline on the line of writing is of no importance. As matter of convenience, how- a ever, the base of the first consonant of a word is placed on the. The word endings -tion and -tial are represented by sh. The word ending -dent is represented by sht; -ciency, by shse. These word endings are spelled in a number of different ways in longhand. The method of expressing amounts and quantities shown here is especially useful in business dictation.
The sign for hundred is the shorthand character for n placed beneath the figure. Hook and circle vowels may be joined in the order in which they occur. The word beginning re- is represented by r before a down- stroke or a vowel. The word beginning de- is represented by d except before. A tiny hook expresses the three vowel sounds heard in the words up, foot, food.
The three sounds may be distinguished as shown below :. The short sound of li is omitted before «, ni, or a straight downstroke. These may also be used as prefix forms, as in underneath, overcome. The combination rd is represented by writing the r with an upward turn at the finish. The oo hook is written on its side after n, m.
The comma s is used before and after sh, ch, j. The comma 5 is used in words consisting of s and a circle vowel or s and th and a circle vowel. Aesop's Fables The Nurse and the Wolf. The combinations ted, ded, det are represented by. Reading and Writing Practice A minor vowel may often be omitted when two vowels occur together.
The oo hook is often used to represent the diphthong u. The stenographer must be able to write the common place names rapidly and accurately. Boston 6 Nebraska. Before n the diphthong ow is omitted. When this omission occurs between n and n, a jog is used to indicate the omitted diph- thong. The syllable moun is represented by the men blend. The following practice procedure is suggested a.
Read the explanations carefully. Study the model to see the application of each explanation. Copy the first word in the practice drill. Compare what you have written with the enlarged model. Write three or four more copies, trying to improve your outline with each writing. Repeat this procedure with the remaining outlines in the practice drill. To write these strokes accurately a. Start and finish each one on the same level of writing. Air, lay, ache, gay. Make the combinations kr and rk somewhat shorter than the combined length of r and k when written by themselves.
Tips for the Beginning Secretary. The Pleasure of Work. KSSON 26 Because of the frequency of the following phrases, a shght modification is made of the outlines for some words in.
The nt combination used to add not to was and to the is. The apostrophe is used to show the contracted forms. The hook is omitted from vcant when want is phrased after a pronoun.
Give them approximately the slant indicated by the dotted lines. Make the curve deep at the beginning of v, f, comma s; make the curve deep at the end of b, p, left s. Make the s tiny b and v the full height of your notebook line ; ;. To c write these combinations accurately: a. Write each without a pause between the first and second letter of each combination.
Watch your proportions carefully. Brim, brief, bread, blame, blast. To write these combinations accurately: a. The combinations dem, tern are represented by a longer upward curve, thus. Cordially yours. Dear Mrs. The past tense and the er, or derivatives are formed with the disjoined character because the last letter of the root word is missing.
Most of the endings used to form derivatives may be joined — -ive, -ivity, -fid, -Hon, and others. There are seven words of one syllable ending in st from which the t is omitted. The final t is omitted in words of more than one syllable ending in st except as explained in the next paragraph.
If the last letter of the root word is missing or if the word ends in a vowel, a disjoined st is used to represent the endings -ist and -est. Super-, supr-. Keepthe o hook narrow, being sure that the beginning and end are on the same level of writing as indicated by the dotted line.
Keep the o in on and sho parallel with the consonant as. Avoid a point at the curved part indicated by the arrows. Make the beginning of the o retrace the preceding character. Avoid a point at the curved part of the o as indicated by the arrows. Coal, course, goal, known, moan. To write these combinations accurately a. Keep the oo hook narrow and deep. Keep the beginning and end of the hook on the same level of writing.
In the words neve and numb keep the hook parallel with the straight line that precedes it. In the word numb retrace the m on the bottom of the oo hook. Avoid a point at the places indicated by arrows. We are To write this combination accurately: a. Write the hook from left to right rather than straight up as you would do when the hook is standing alone.
Notice the arrow. Start writing the r before the r stroke cuts the hook, as indi- cated by the arrow. We are, we will, whale, wheels. Smith's Chickens. En-, in-, iin- are represented by n before a consonant.
They are written in full when a vowel follows. Sometimes in longhand the n is cioubled when a vowel follows. Km-, im- are represented by m before a consonant. Sometimes in longhand the m is doubled when a vowel follows. Ul is represented by the oo hook before a forward or upward consonant stroke. Compound word beginnings are joined naturally in the order in which they occur. Many long words may be abbreviated in shorthand by dropping the endings.
This device is used also in longhand, as Jan. The extent to which this device may be used depends upon the familiarity of the writer with the words and with the subject matter of the dictation.
When in doubt, write it out. The ending is not dropped when a special shorthand word. It is helpful to note that many of the words written with this cievice fall naturally into families of similar endings.
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